Parallel Lives
| 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems by A Bostonian published by Calvin F.S. Thomas in Boston, MA. |
| 1828 | Fanshawe: A Tale by Anonymous published by Marsh & Capen in Boston, MA. |
| 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems by Edgar Allan Poe published by Hatch & Dunning in Baltimore, VA. |
| 1830 | |
| 1831 | Poems by Edgar A. Poe published by Elam Bliss in New York. |
| 1832 | |
| 1833 | Poe wins prize for contest held by Baltimore Saturday Visiter for “MS. Found in a Bottle”; John P. Kennedy is a judge. |
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| 1837 | Twice-Told Tales by Nathaniel Hawthorne published by American Stationers’ Co. in Boston, MA. |
| 1838 | The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket published by Harper & Brothers in New York. |
| 1839 | |
| 1840 | Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque by Edgar Allan Poe published by Lea and Blanchard of Philadelphia, PA. |
| 1841 | Twice-Told Tales (2 volumes) by Nathaniel Hawthorne published by James Munroe and Co. in Boston, MA. |
| 1842 | The Poets and Poetry of America by Rufus Wilmot Griswold published by Carey & Hart in Philadelphia, PA. |
| 1843 | Poe wins $100 for contest held by Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper for “Gold Bug.” |
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| 1860 | Edgar Poe and His Critics by Sarah Helen Whitman published by Rudd and Carleton in New York. |
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| 1878 | English Men of Letters Series ed. John Morley publishes its first literary-biography |
| 1879 | Hawthorne by Henry James Jr. is published by Macmillan and Co., London and Harper and Brothers, NYC as part of English Men of Letters series ed. John Morley. Emily Dickinson mentions both Hawthorne and Poe in back-to-back sentences in a letter to Higginson in December: “Of Poe, I know too little to think—Hawthorne appalls, entices—.” |
| 1880 | |
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| 1882 | |
| 1883 | The Modern Language Association (MLA) is founded for the purpose of studying modern languages, e.g., English, German, French, Spanish, Italian—in contrast to the study of ancient languages, Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. The first president was Franklin Carter; the second was James Russell Lowell. Stephen Greenblatt was president in 2002; Judith Butler for 2021-2022. |
| 1884 | MLA begins publication of their quarterly journal PMLA (Publications of the Modern Language Association). |
| 1885 | Edgar Allan Poe by George Edward Woodberry is published by Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. in Boston and New York as part of The American Men of Letters series ed. Charles Dudley Warner. |
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| 1902 | Nathaniel Hawthorne by George Edward Woodberry is published by Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. in Boston and New York as part of American Men of Letters series ed. Charles Dudley Warner. |
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| 1912 | “The Poe Canon” by Killis Campbell in vol. 27, no. 3 of PMLA published by MLA |
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| 1921 | Edgar A. Poe: A Study by John W. Robertson, MD published by Bruce Brough in San Francisco “Contemporary Opinion of Poe” by Killis Campbell in vol. 36, no. 2 of PMLA published by MLA |
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| 1925 | Origins of Poe’s Critical Theory by Margaret Alterton published in vol. 2, no. 3, University of Iowa Humanistic Studies ed. Franklin H. Potter. |
| 1926 | Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius by Joseph Wood Krutch published by Alfred A. Knopf in New York. |
| 1927 | Hawthorne: A Study in Solitude by Herbert Gorman published in New York The Rebellious Puritan: Portrait of Mr. Hawthorne by Lloyd Morris published in New York |
| 1928 | |
| 1929 | American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography (journal) is founded as part of the American Literature Group of Modern Language Association (MLA) of America published by Duke University Press and MLA. Jay B. Hubbell writes the Foreword and hilariously mentions that American writing “does not rival the great literatures of the Old World in artistic value.” Hawthorne by Newton Arvin published by Little, Brown, and Company in Boston, MA. |
| 1930 | |
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| 1933 | Edgar Poe: Etude Psychanalytique by Princess Marie Bonaparte is published in French |
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| 1937 | “Criticism, Inc.” by John Crowe Ransom in vol. 13, no. 4, Autumn issue of The Virginia Quarterly Review published by the University of Virginia. Crowe argues that English Departments should reclaim the literary-object as their own object of study with an autonomous set of scientific principles. He laments how literature is often surrendered as a subset of history or ethics. |
| 1938 | |
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| 1941 | American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman by F.O. Matthiessen published by Oxford University Press. |
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| 1949 | The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe: A Psychoanalytic Interpretation by Princess Marie Bonaparte is translated into English (published in French in 1933). |
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| 1955 | Hawthorne: A Critical Study by H.H. Waggoner The Death of the Artist: A Study of Hawthorne’s Disintegration by Rudolph Von Abele |
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| 1957 | Hawthorne’s Tragic Vision by Roy R. Male |
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| 1962 | Hawthorne’s View of the Artist by Millicent Bell published by the State University of New York |
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| 1966 | Colloquium on “The Languages of Criticism and the Sciences of Man” is held at Johns Hopkins University and is regarded as the seismic event of poststructuralism thought entering the American university system. The Sins of the Fathers: Hawthorne’s Psychological Themes by Frederick Crews is published by University of California Press |
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| 1988 | “Whose American Renaissance?” by Frederick Crews published in the New-York Review of Books where Crew coins the term “New Americanists” to refer to a wave of scholars who take a suspicious stance toward the Cold War, liberal consensus in American studies, attempting to expose its ideological presuppositions, sharing the critical attitudes of the New Historicist movement. |
| 1989 | American Literary History (journal) founded in 1989 and published by Oxford University Press. It is fitting that a journal dedicated to uncovering the historical aspects of American literature comes out at the end of this decade—a crowning moment pointing to the directions scholarship is to follow. Vol. 1, no. 1 is on “American Pastoral Ideology.” |
| 1990 | boundary 2, spring 1990, Vol. 17, no. 1 published by Duke University Press: special issue “New Americanists: Revisionists Interventions into the Canon” edited by Donald E. Pease. |
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| 1997 | Daedalus, Vol. 126, No. 1 published by MIT Press on behalf the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: Part II. Trajectories of Intra-Disciplinary Change: Participant Perspectives contains a section on “Literature.” M.H. Abrams’ essay “Transformation of English Studies: 1930—1995” is the first of three essays in this section. |
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| 2001 | Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race ed. J. Gerald Kennedy and Liliane Weissberg is published by Oxford University Press. The title comes from Part II of Toni Morrison’s study Playing in the Dark : Whiteness and the Literary Imagination (1992) where she claims, “No early American writer is more important to the concept of American Africanism than Poe.” |
| 2002 | |
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| 2005 | Hawthorne and the Real: Bicentennial Essays ed. Millicent Bell. Bell wrote a significant book of criticism titled Hawthorne’s View of the Artist in 1962. |
| 2006 | |
| 2007 | Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Contemporary Reviews (2007) ed. John L. Idol, Jr. and Buford Jones published by Cambridge University Press. |
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| 2027 |
Cloud Repair 